Eyewitness to War, 1941

Eyewitness to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, 2022

There was nothing left but a huge smoking pit– the Kostyukovs were gone.

Sarah Kaplan, Berdichev

Sarah Kaplan, who was born in Berdichev in 1916, was interviewed in Lviv in 2002 when she was 86 years old by Zhanna Litinskaya.

Invasion

Eyewitness to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, 2022

Ukrainian Jewish women remember the German invasion of 1941

“There was nothing left but a huge smoking pit– the Kostyukovs were gone.“

Sarah Kaplan, Berdichev

“I went with doctors and medics to drag away the wounded from the front. And I became an agitator for German troops.“

Asia Matveyuk

“An elderly Jewish doctor, a woman, took me aside and told me she’d be gone in a few weeks, that I should just take her home.“

Dora Postrelko

“When I started in this war, I began as a military doctor, Third Class, then a captain. In 1944, I became a major.“

Eva Ryzhevskaya